What does the term "dilution" mean in the context of finance?

In finance, the term "dilution" specifically refers to the decrease in existing shareholders' ownership percentage that occurs when a company issues new shares. This event typically happens during fundraising efforts, such as through a public offering or private placement. When a company decides to issue additional shares, it increases the total number of shares outstanding. As a result, the proportionate ownership of existing shareholders diminishes because their shareholding remains constant while the total share count increases.

For instance, suppose a company has 1,000 shares outstanding, and a shareholder owns 100 shares, representing 10% ownership. If the company issues an additional 1,000 shares, the total share count rises to 2,000. The same shareholder still owns 100 shares, but now that constitutes only 5% of the total, effectively diluting their ownership stake.

Understanding this concept is essential for investors and analysts, as dilution can impact the value of existing shares, voting power, and the overall influence shareholders have in the company's decision-making processes.