What is the main purpose of using the income statement?

The main purpose of using the income statement is to report on revenue and expenses over a specified period, which ultimately leads to the calculation of profit or loss for that period. This financial statement details how much money the company earned (revenues) and how much it spent (expenses), highlighting the overall performance and operational efficiency of the business during that time frame.

By presenting a clear summary of income and expenses, the income statement enables stakeholders—such as investors, management, and creditors—to assess how effectively the company is generating profit relative to its costs. This performance insight allows for informed decision-making regarding future investments, resource allocation, and strategies to improve profitability.

While the other options touch on important aspects of financial analysis, they do not capture the primary focus of the income statement. Evaluating past investments relates more to balance sheets or cash flow analysis rather than the income statement's focus on operational performance over time. Assessing cash flow for future projects typically involves projecting future revenues and costs, a function separate from the historical nature of the income statement. Conversely, presenting a snapshot of assets and liabilities pertains directly to the balance sheet, not the income statement, which is inherently about revenue and expenses.